Rahul Mehta Gandhinagar LsCandidate
Spoils system in USA --- every time President changes, some 10000 officers lose jobs and new 10000 loyalist get appointed as new officers ; yer corruption before and after appointment is low ? Why? The power of Jury System .
USA has bottom and middle layers in administration where employees are recruited by written exams and have permanent tenure. But whole top layer is hire-fire. In India, when one party loses and another party win elections, only 800 MPs and 70 Ministers change. The IAS such as dept secretaries are only transferred. New ones dont come en-masse.
Whereas in USA, when President changes, each person at apex of each department except Military may lose job and new apex comes. About 10000 apex officials are removable. For a complete list of officials who are removed after each Presidential elections, pls see en.wikipedia . org / wiki/List_of_positions_filled_by_presidential_appointment_with_Senate_confirmation and en.wikipedia . org / wiki/United_States_Government_Policy_and_Supporting_Positions . The middle/bottom 10 lakhs officials stay. And similar structure is in state\district levels. It used to be called as spoils system.
Despite such wide appointment powers, the corruption during appointment and after appointment is low. Lobbying exists and so does favoritism, but it causes no disruption in lives of citizens and businesses. Despite massive changes in apex lawyer, the administration shows continuity and predictability.
The main reason is Jury System. The middle and bottom level officials work as poer laws and not as per whims of apex as they are answerable to Grand Juries and Juries. And Jury has continuity --- it comes from same population. The apex gets wide powers to re-organize , build something new, expand by giving incetives to middle and bottom. But apex cannot not disrupt or dominate, because middle/bottom will not allow disruption and domination because of fear of Jury.
All in all,lack of Jury System has cause immense damage in India. And let me proudly say that I and my colleagues have been trying to inform activists across India about Jury System using newspaper-advt, pamphlets etc . But I would also sadly say that we are the ONLY ones who are promoting JurySys in India. The information level remains low due to fire of elitemen who oppose JurySys. The elitemen manage to give huge publicity to publicity hungry people like Anna, AK etc , and these people , in order to gain publicity, agree to suppress information on JurySys. So activists dont get information about JurySys and so progress on JurySys is slow. Solution is that activists should dump time-wasters like AK, Anna etc and focus on promoting information on RTR, JurySys etc. The nationalists activists should also avoid timepass activities like morning walks at shakha, and focus on getting and spreading information on law-drafts.